Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium records

Oakes Ames was born into a wealthy and influential family on September 26, 1874, in North Easton, Massachusetts. He was the youngest son of Oliver Ames, a politician and the 35th Governor of Massachusetts, and Anna Coffin Ames (née Ray). Ames attended Noble and Greenough School in Boston and entered Harvard College in 1894, receiving A.B. and A.M. degrees in 1898 and 1899, respectively. In 1900, he began his professional career at Harvard as Instructor of Botany. In May of that year, he married artist Blanche Ames (no relation). The couple had four children, Pauline, Oliver, Amyas, and Evelyn, and collaborated on many publications, including the seven-volume monograph Orchidaceae.

Ames's childhood interest in botany and horticulture was nurtured by his father, with whom he collected and identified wild flowers. It was in the greenhouses at their family home in North Easton that Ames first encountered orchids. His interest in orchidology was further influenced by Nathaniel Lord Britton, Director of the New York Botanical Garden. Ames amassed a large collection of living orchids, as well as an extensive orchid herbarium, a library, and a collection of orchid images (including drawings and paintings by Blanche).

Ames was also interested in economic botany and was encouraged in that field by George Lincoln Goodale, Director of the Harvard Botanical Museum. He began teaching the subject in 1909 and in the course of his work and travels compiled a collection comprising thousands of specimens, plant products, and publications on economic plants. Ames and his former students also aided the war effort during both World Wars, helping to identify alternative sources of scarce materials and new uses for raw plant products.

Ames published numerous books and articles on orchids and economic botany and held a variety of teaching and administrative positions at Harvard. However, his accomplishments were not limited to scholarship and collecting. He helped convince Edwin F. Atkins to establish the Atkins Garden in Cienfuegos, Cuba; brought William C. Darrah to Harvard to renew interest in the paleobotanical collections of the Botanical Museum; increased endowment funds for the Botanical Museum and the Arnold Arboretum; and started the Botanical Museum Leaflets.

Ames was a member of many scientific societies, was an elected Fellow of the Linnaean Society of London, and received a number of awards, including an Honorary Doctorate from Washington University in 1938. He gave his orchid herbarium, library, and collection of orchid photographs and paintings to Harvard in 1938. He donated his economic botany herbarium in 1940. Ames died in Ormond, Florida, on April 28, 1950.

Sources:

Mangelsdorf PC. Oakes Ames 1874-. In: Ames O. Orchids in Retrospect. Cambridge (MA): Botanical Museum of Harvard University, 1948. p.ix-xv.

Sax K. 1950. Oakes Ames, 1874-1950. J. Arnold Arbor. 31(4):335-337.

Schultes RE. 1951. Oakes Ames, 1874-1950. Rhodora. 53(627):67-78.

The Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium and Library was formed by Oakes Ames and donated to the Botanical Museum of Harvard University on December 14, 1938.

His collection, called The Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames, contained approximately 57,000 orchid specimens, 3,000 flowers in glycerin, 4,000 specimens in liquid, and hundreds of line drawings that supplement the specimens. He also donated his 1,800 volume orchid library.

The Orchid Herbarium of Oakes Ames was incorporated into the larger Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium that represents many notable collectors including Rudolf Schlechter, Rudolf Mansfeld, and Heinrich Gustav Reichenbach and is estimated at 131,000 orchid specimens.